Orion 09by Capital & Control
Indexes/Climate

Climate & Livability Index

Climate comfort across the year and the environmental risks that come with it — heat, storms, air quality and seasonality.

Median
62
Mean
60
Top decile from
80
Highest
90

What this index measures

Tie-breaker · scored 0–100

  1. 01

    Year-round temperature comfort

  2. 02

    Storm, flood and wildfire exposure

  3. 03

    Air quality and seasonality

Never a reason to move alone, frequently the reason a shortlist of three becomes one.

How the score is weighted

Each input is normalised to 0–100 across all 209 jurisdictions, then combined at the weights below. Weights sum to 100 and are held constant across every jurisdiction in an edition, so scores stay comparable.

Tie-breaker in the composite

WeightingPublished
  • Temperature comfort50% of the score

    Share of the year in a comfortable band.

  • Hazard exposure38% of the score

    Storm, flood, wildfire and seismic risk.

  • Seasonality12% of the score

    Daylight variation and extremes. Air quality is now its own Overall factor.

Who leads it

The ten highest scores on this signal, with their overall standing beside them — the gap between the two columns is the trade-off.

  1. 01
    Cyprus
    Europe
    90ovr 59
  2. 02
    Spain
    Europe
    90ovr 50
  3. 03
    Greece
    Europe
    88ovr 47
  4. 04
    Portugal
    Europe
    85ovr 60
  5. 05
    Monaco
    Europe
    85ovr 53
  6. 06
    Malta
    Europe
    85ovr 51
  7. 07
    Croatia
    Europe
    85ovr 48
  8. 08
    Italy
    Europe
    85ovr 46
  9. 09
    St Kitts and Nevis
    Americas
    82ovr 54
  10. 10
    Antigua and Barbuda
    Americas
    82ovr 53

How regions compare

Average score per region against its best case. A wide gap means the region is worth searching; a narrow one means the whole region behaves the same way.

  • Oceania
    74 / 78
  • Americas
    73 / 82
  • Africa
    62 / 82
  • Europe
    53 / 90
  • Middle East
    51 / 75
  • Asia
    50 / 80

Full ranking

Continent209 shown
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#JurisdictionRegionClimateOrion Index Score
001CyprusEurope
90
5978% rated
002SpainEurope
90
5073% rated
003GreeceEurope
88
4773% rated
004PortugalEurope
85
6081% rated
005MonacoEurope
85
5373% rated
006MaltaEurope
85
5173% rated
007CroatiaEurope
85
4873% rated
008ItalyEurope
85
4673% rated
009St Kitts and NevisAmericas
82
5473% rated
010Antigua and BarbudaAmericas
82
5373% rated
011GrenadaAmericas
82
5373% rated
012BahamasAmericas
82
5373% rated
013St LuciaAmericas
82
5373% rated
014BarbadosAmericas
82
4673% rated
015SeychellesAfrica
82
4573% rated
016AndorraEurope
80
6281% rated
017Cayman IslandsAmericas
80
6092% rated
018British Virgin IslandsAmericas
80
5487% rated
019GibraltarEurope
80
5487% rated
020DominicaAmericas
80
5373% rated
021PanamaAmericas
80
5173% rated
022Costa RicaAmericas
80
4973% rated
023MauritiusAfrica
80
4773% rated
024Vatican CityEurope
80
4773% rated
025MexicoAmericas
80
4673% rated
026TurkeyAsia
80
4573% rated
027St Vincent & GrenadinesAmericas
80
4273% rated
028San MarinoEurope
78
5373% rated
029VanuatuOceania
78
5073% rated
030ColombiaAmericas
78
4773% rated
031Cape VerdeAfrica
78
4473% rated
032BrazilAmericas
78
4373% rated
033TunisiaAfrica
78
4373% rated
034FijiOceania
78
4273% rated
035Cook IslandsOceania
78
4273% rated
036Dominican RepublicAmericas
78
4173% rated
037PalauOceania
78
3973% rated
038MontenegroEurope
75
5373% rated
039AustraliaOceania
75
4973% rated
040MaldivesAsia
75
4873% rated
041IsraelMiddle East
75
4673% rated
042AlbaniaEurope
75
4573% rated
043ArgentinaAmericas
75
4373% rated
044MoroccoAfrica
75
4373% rated
045BelizeAmericas
75
4273% rated
046South AfricaAfrica
75
4273% rated
047EcuadorAmericas
75
4173% rated
048SamoaOceania
75
4073% rated
049TongaOceania
75
4073% rated
050JamaicaAmericas
75
3973% rated
051NiueOceania
75
3973% rated
052Trinidad and TobagoAmericas
75
3973% rated
053CubaAmericas
75
3873% rated
054Marshall IslandsOceania
75
3873% rated
055MicronesiaOceania
75
3773% rated
056SurinameAmericas
75
3773% rated
057VenezuelaAmericas
75
2973% rated
058Sao Tome & PrincipeAfrica
72
3773% rated
059TuvaluOceania
72
3773% rated
060NauruOceania
72
3673% rated
061Solomon IslandsOceania
72
3673% rated
062ComorosAfrica
72
3573% rated
063New ZealandOceania
70
5073% rated
064SloveniaEurope
70
4773% rated
065UruguayAmericas
70
4773% rated
066ChileAmericas
70
4673% rated
067PeruAmericas
70
4273% rated
068SenegalAfrica
70
4073% rated
069Sri LankaAsia
70
4073% rated
070GuatemalaAmericas
70
3973% rated
071El SalvadorAmericas
70
3873% rated
072GuyanaAmericas
70
3773% rated
073NicaraguaAmericas
70
3773% rated
074HondurasAmericas
70
3673% rated
075KiribatiOceania
70
3673% rated
076LebanonMiddle East
70
3373% rated
077GambiaAfrica
68
3773% rated
078MadagascarAfrica
68
3773% rated
079BermudaAmericas
65
5792% rated
080GeorgiaEurope
65
5373% rated
081TaiwanAsia
65
4873% rated
082MacauAsia
65
4673% rated
083FranceEurope
65
4573% rated
084North MacedoniaEurope
65
4573% rated
085IndonesiaAsia
65
4373% rated
086GhanaAfrica
65
4273% rated
087NamibiaAfrica
65
4173% rated
088KosovoEurope
65
3973% rated
089CambodiaAsia
65
3973% rated
090KenyaAfrica
65
3973% rated
091TanzaniaAfrica
65
3973% rated
092Ivory CoastAfrica
65
3773% rated
093BeninAfrica
65
3673% rated
094MozambiqueAfrica
65
3573% rated
095Sierra LeoneAfrica
65
3573% rated
096TogoAfrica
65
3573% rated
097LiberiaAfrica
65
3473% rated
098Papua New GuineaOceania
65
3473% rated
099HaitiAmericas
65
2773% rated
100PalestineMiddle East
65
2673% rated
101BotswanaAfrica
62
4273% rated
102RwandaAfrica
62
4073% rated
103USAAmericas
62
3973% rated
104MalawiAfrica
62
3773% rated
105ZambiaAfrica
62
3773% rated
106UgandaAfrica
62
3673% rated
107EswatiniAfrica
62
3573% rated
108GabonAfrica
62
3573% rated
109ZimbabweAfrica
62
3473% rated
110ParaguayAmericas
60
4973% rated
111PhilippinesAsia
60
3973% rated
112JordanMiddle East
60
3973% rated
113Timor-LesteAsia
60
3773% rated
114DjiboutiAfrica
60
3573% rated
115CameroonAfrica
60
3473% rated
116GuineaAfrica
60
3373% rated
117BurundiAfrica
60
3273% rated
118Guinea-BissauAfrica
60
3273% rated
119Burkina FasoAfrica
60
3173% rated
120SyriaMiddle East
60
2473% rated
121SomaliaAfrica
60
2373% rated
122LesothoAfrica
58
3473% rated
123AngolaAfrica
58
3473% rated
124CongoAfrica
58
3273% rated
125Equatorial GuineaAfrica
58
3173% rated
126DR CongoAfrica
58
2873% rated
127SwitzerlandEurope
55
77100% rated
128BulgariaEurope
55
5173% rated
129BruneiAsia
55
5073% rated
130SerbiaEurope
55
4873% rated
131ThailandAsia
55
4673% rated
132Hong KongAsia
55
4573% rated
133Bosnia and HerzegovinaEurope
55
4373% rated
134VietnamAsia
55
4373% rated
135ArmeniaAsia
55
4273% rated
136BoliviaAmericas
55
3873% rated
137EgyptAfrica
55
3773% rated
138LaosAsia
55
3773% rated
139AlgeriaAfrica
55
3573% rated
140NigeriaAfrica
55
3473% rated
141EthiopiaAfrica
55
3373% rated
142MaliAfrica
55
3073% rated
143MyanmarAsia
55
2873% rated
144EritreaAfrica
55
2873% rated
145Central African RepublicAfrica
55
2673% rated
146South SudanAfrica
55
2373% rated
147YemenMiddle East
55
2373% rated
148MalaysiaAsia
52
5073% rated
149SingaporeAsia
50
5373% rated
150OmanMiddle East
50
4887% rated
151JapanAsia
50
4573% rated
152BhutanAsia
50
3973% rated
153BangladeshAsia
50
3573% rated
154MauritaniaAfrica
50
3373% rated
155NigerAfrica
50
2973% rated
156ChadAfrica
50
2873% rated
157LibyaAfrica
50
2473% rated
158SudanAfrica
50
2373% rated
159AustriaEurope
45
6595% rated
160GuernseyEurope
45
5187% rated
161JerseyEurope
45
5187% rated
162BahrainMiddle East
45
5092% rated
163LiechtensteinEurope
45
4973% rated
164RomaniaEurope
45
4773% rated
165South KoreaAsia
45
4673% rated
166HungaryEurope
45
4473% rated
167IndiaAsia
45
4273% rated
168MoldovaEurope
45
4173% rated
169AzerbaijanAsia
45
3973% rated
170NepalAsia
45
3773% rated
171PakistanAsia
45
3473% rated
172UkraineEurope
45
3473% rated
173IranMiddle East
45
2973% rated
174IraqMiddle East
45
2773% rated
175Western SaharaAfrica
45
2673% rated
176UAEMiddle East
42
5094% rated
177Isle of ManEurope
40
5187% rated
178BelgiumEurope
40
4473% rated
179Czech RepublicEurope
38
4773% rated
180SlovakiaEurope
38
4673% rated
181GermanyEurope
35
6695% rated
182NetherlandsEurope
35
6595% rated
183LuxembourgEurope
35
6089% rated
184QatarMiddle East
35
5194% rated
185IcelandEurope
35
4973% rated
186Saudi ArabiaMiddle East
35
4995% rated
187CanadaAmericas
35
4773% rated
188KuwaitMiddle East
35
4792% rated
189PolandEurope
35
4673% rated
190BelarusEurope
35
4073% rated
191RussiaEurope
35
3973% rated
192UzbekistanAsia
35
3773% rated
193KyrgyzstanAsia
35
3773% rated
194TajikistanAsia
35
3473% rated
195TurkmenistanAsia
35
3273% rated
196North KoreaAsia
35
2673% rated
197AfghanistanAsia
35
2373% rated
198IrelandEurope
30
6695% rated
199SwedenEurope
30
6395% rated
200KazakhstanAsia
30
4573% rated
201United KingdomEurope
30
4373% rated
202ChinaAsia
30
3673% rated
203NorwayEurope
28
6495% rated
204DenmarkEurope
28
6395% rated
205LithuaniaEurope
28
5073% rated
206FinlandEurope
25
69100% rated
207EstoniaEurope
25
6281% rated
208LatviaEurope
25
5073% rated
209MongoliaAsia
25
3773% rated
At the other end

The five lowest scores on this signal: Mongolia (25), Latvia (25), Estonia (25), Finland (25), Lithuania (28). A weak score here is not disqualifying on its own — read it against the composite.

Where this comes from

Each input is normalised to a 0–100 scale and weighted into the score above. We cite the underlying publication rather than the aggregator wherever one exists.

Edition 2026.1 · reviewed quarterly

  1. 01Climate Change Knowledge Portal
    World Bank

    Temperature, seasonality and climate normals.

  2. 02World Air Quality Report
    IQAir

    PM2.5 air quality by country and city.

  3. 03INFORM Risk Index
    European Commission JRC

    Storm, flood and wildfire hazard exposure.

Read next

Orion Index Score
Composite

The weighted composite of thirteen factors across four groups — financial, mobility & access, human development & services, and safety & livability. It answers one question: on balance, how well does this jurisdiction serve someone who can choose where to live and where to hold capital?

Tax Burden Index
Heaviest weight

Effective personal tax exposure for a mobile earner — headline income tax, plus how the jurisdiction treats foreign income, capital gains and wealth.

Cost of Living Index
Moderate

What a comparable standard of living costs on the ground — housing, schooling, services and the everyday basket.

Safety Index
High

Personal and civil safety — violent crime, property crime, and the risk of disorder or conflict spilling into daily life.

Healthcare Index
High

Quality, access and cost of care for a resident who is paying privately or through a local scheme.

Passport Strength Index
Moderate

What the travel document is worth — visa-free reach, treaty position, and whether citizenship is realistically attainable.

209 jurisdictions · Edition 2026.1 · scores are informational, not tax advice